As of May 2025, you are curious about Mongolia. Mongolia is a fascinating country with vast nature and a long history. The following is a general description of Mongolia.
Location and Geography:
- Mongolia is a landlocked country located in East Asia, bordering Russia to the north and China to the south.
- It is the 18th largest country in the world, with an area of approximately 1.56 million square kilometers. This is about seven times the size of the Korean Peninsula.
- The terrain is extremely diverse, with high mountains such as the Altai, Khangai and Khentii Mountains to the west and north, wide plateaus, vast steppes and the Gobi Desert to the south.
- The average elevation above sea level is very high, at about 1,580m.
- There are many lakes, such as Upp Lake, Khovsgol Lake, and Harus Lake, and major rivers, such as Orkhon River, Kherlen River, and Selenge River, flow through it.
- It has a severe continental climate, with long, very cold winters and short, cool to hot summers. The capital, Ulaanbaatar, is known as one of the coldest capitals in the world.
- Because it has many clear days throughout the year, it is also called the "Land of Blue Sky."
Population and Culture:
- With a population of approximately 3.5 million (as of 2024), it is one of the countries with a very low population density.
- The official language is Mongolian, a Ural-Altaic language. The Khalkha dialect, written in Cyrillic, is the main language spoken.
- The main religion is Buddhism, with about 90% of the population being Buddhists. Shamanism and animism also have deep historical roots in Mongolian culture.
- Mongolian culture is strongly influenced by nomadic traditions. Even today, a significant portion of the population, especially in rural areas, continues to live a nomadic lifestyle, raising livestock such as sheep, goats, horses, cattle (including yaks), and camels.
- Family and community are central to nomadic life.
- Traditional arts are considered very important and include music using unique instruments, dance, oral traditions and literary works.
- Horse riding skills and Mongolian wrestling are important cultural traditions with a long history.
- The traditional home is a portable circular tent called a "ger" or "yurt", made for the nomadic lifestyle and harsh climate.
- Welcoming guests is an important part of Mongolian culture.
history:
- The present-day Mongolian territory was ruled by various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Turkic, and Uyghur.
- In 1206, Genghis Khan united the Mongol tribes and created the Mongol Empire, the largest empire in history.
- After the division of the empire, Mongolia came under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.
- After the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, Mongolia declared independence and achieved de facto independence from the Republic of China in 1921.
- In 1924, the Mongolian People's Republic was established as a socialist state and established close ties with the Soviet Union.
- The one-party dictatorship ended in 1990 through a peaceful democratic revolution, and in 1992 a new constitution was adopted, becoming a parliamentary republic, and the country's name was changed to "Mongol Uls."
economy:
- The Mongolian economy relies heavily on mining, particularly coal, copper and gold, which constitute major exports.
- Agriculture, including livestock farming, also plays an important role.
- Although it has experienced economic growth driven by mineral exports, it has a structure that is vulnerable to commodity price fluctuations.
- The Asian Development Bank (ADB) projects Mongolia's economy to grow by 6.6% in 2025, supported by increased mining production and services, domestic demand and infrastructure investment.
- China is a major trading partner and consumer of Mongolian goods.
Interesting facts:
- Mongolia is the world's second largest landlocked country.
- The population density is very low, with only about 2 people per square kilometer.
- Uyghurjin, the traditional Mongolian script, was the first writing system created specifically for the Mongolian language.
- The 스포츠토토사이트 Festival, held every summer, is an important event celebrating Mongolian culture and traditions, featuring competitions such as Mongolian wrestling, horse racing, and archery.
Relations between Mongolia and KoreaMongolia and Korea maintain very friendly and close relations . Since the establishment of diplomatic relations on March 26, 1990, active exchanges and cooperation have been taking place in various fields such as politics, economy, society, and culture.
Political and diplomatic relations:
- Comprehensive Partnership: Through the 2011 summit, the two countries agreed to upgrade their relationship to a “comprehensive partnership” and significantly strengthen cooperation in the energy and resource sectors.
- Cooperation on North Korea Issues: As a country with diplomatic ties with both South and North Korea, Mongolia supports and cooperates with South Korea’s position on peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.
- Summit and High-Level Personnel Exchanges: Mutual visits by heads of state and key government officials from both countries are taking place regularly, further enhancing friendly relations.
- International Cooperation: We support each other in international organizations and cooperate on various international issues.
Economic Relations:
- Resource Cooperation: Korea is interested in developing Mongolia’s abundant mineral resources and is investing in them, while strengthening cooperation in the energy resources sector.
- Increased Trade: The volume of trade between the two countries is steadily increasing, with Korea mainly exporting construction equipment, petroleum products, and automobiles to Mongolia, and importing mineral resources, agricultural and livestock products, etc. from Mongolia . As of 2023, Korea is one of Mongolia's major trading partners.
- Expanding investment: Korean companies are also actively investing in Mongolia, especially in resource development, construction, and service sectors.
- Development Cooperation: Korea is promoting various development cooperation projects for Mongolia’s economic and social development through KOICA (Korea International Cooperation Agency) and other organizations.
Social and cultural relations:
- Active human exchange: More than 50,000 Mongolians live in Korea and are active for various purposes such as studying abroad and working. Korea is perceived as a culturally close and economically developed country by Mongolians.
- Korean Wave Spread: Korean dramas, movies, K-Pop, and other Korean Wave content are very popular in Mongolia . There is also a lot of enthusiasm for learning Korean.
- Promotion of Cultural Exchange: Various cultural exchange projects, including cultural performances, exhibitions, and academic exchanges, are actively being carried out by the governments and private sectors of both countries . The two countries have agreed to further expand cultural exchanges and cooperation by signing the 2023-2026 Cultural Exchange Implementation Plan.
- Educational Cooperation: Korean universities are actively recruiting Mongolian students and conducting academic exchanges, and support for Korean language education is also being provided in Mongolia.
Historical and cultural common ground:
- Korea and Mongolia have a common history of being under the influence of the Mongol Empire, and they tend to recognize that there are culturally similar elements. This common ground serves as a factor in strengthening the relationship between the two countries.
In general, Korea and Mongolia are developing mutually beneficial cooperative relations in various fields including politics, economy, society, and culture, and the future outlook for the relationship is also positive.